The Importance of Tutor Support in Distance Learning

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Like any other student, students of online courses also need constant tutor support in distance learning to keep themselves involved and motivated. In a physical classroom, the students can maintain eye contact with their teachers and ask questions promptly in case of a doubt; in contrast a distance learning student and teacher are physically away from each other. In such a scenario, using the technology available for imparting education effectively is the most critical factor. Technology now exists that allows teachers and students to communicate in real time.

Distance education also requires changes in behavior for both the teacher and the learner. The successful student develops persistence and self-motivation. The successful distance education teacher becomes fluent with new technology and develops new instructional styles for the benefit of the students.

Can Constant Tutor Support in Distance Learning be Ensured?

In earlier days, teachers involved in distance learning used to interact with their students through telephone, faxes or letters. The turnaround time between the student submission of work and the teachers corrections was relatively slow. However, today with the latest technology being employed for distance education courses, and the successful multimedia interactions between teachers and students, the communication is almost in real-time and sometimes even in real-time. Efficient tutor support in distance learning is largely dependent on how fast a distance education instructor can get familiarized with the technology being employed, devise new teaching methods, and manage student expectations.

Right Guidance Allows Distance Education Students to Perform Better

With the right amount of support from their teachers, distance learning students can perform as well as, if not better than on-campus students. The distance learning instructor has to ensure that his students are constantly involved in the course; the teachers have to encourage dialogues, debates and discussions amongst themselves and their students to ensure that the online students do not feel neglected or lonely. The virtual classroom has often been misconstrued to be a lonely place; however through high activity and collaborative learning, the virtual classroom can be turned into a think-tank of sorts which encourages freedom of thought and expression.

Through being enthusiastic and involved himself, any instructor can lend the right tutor support in distance learning courses. There is opportunity as well for individuals who wish to focus solely on providing tutoring to distance learners. Familiarity with technology, coupled with a genuine interest in the students' lives brings enthusiasm towards teaching, and sensitivity towards the students' backgrounds can help a distance education tutor a great deal.

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The Skill Set You Will Need to Become the Best Possible RN Manager

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Author Resource: Simone Johansen. Now you know the important role that Registered Nurse manager play in the hospital setting and you have a better understanding of the additional skills you'll need to be successful in this rewarding career field. Start preparing for your new job by searching for schools to get the additional training you need at http://traintobeanrn.com Article provided by - Published-Articles.com



RN managers hold the job of supervising a number of Registered Nurses. Within a busy and sometimes chaotic location of the hospital, this can often be an overwhelming challenge. Their job is to guarantee that the hospital functions like a well-oiled machine, so in addition to being registered nurses, registered nurse managers need to be qualified in other areas for example finance as well as management.

RN managers quite often start their schooling by earning Bachelor degrees in nursing. Like all RN's, they need to pass a nursing exam that's required by every states before they'll be able to start practicing. After passing the test, the student nurses will officially become RNs and will be able to begin working in virtually any number of health care settings. Most Registered Nurses that want to work towards manager positions decide to work in hospitals to begin with, because that is where the RN manager jobs are.

From that point, RNs may be promoted to registered nurse supervisor positions without taking any more courses in non-medical subjects. However, because registered nurse supervisors perform a vital role in hospital functions, the most devoted registered nurses who wish to become managers will continue their learning by enrolling in courses in subjects such as management, business, communication and finances. Those who are working towards a manager job will likely have a great understanding of the nursing part of the job, however they will also need to put some energy into learning the other aspects they're not too familiar with. No longer directly attending to patients, registered nurse managers are instead on top of the nursing totem pole and so must have different skill sets.

Amongst the duties of RN managers is to train new nurses. In the event the manager is working in a bigger hospital, they may be able to assign that activity to a team of nurses, but if they're employed at a smaller hospital, they will most likely be in charge of this task.

Yet another of their responsibilities will be making certain all of the nurses they manage have everything they really need in order to perform their jobs properly. They also are given the task of ensuring the other nurses are happy and will give feedback regarding their performance. Steps like this will help to keep the nurse retention rates high, which also helps the hospital perform at a higher efficiency, because there won't be an endless need to employ and train new nurses. Nursing can sometimes be a highly demanding job, which is where that extra training comes in handy for RN managers. Knowing how to communicate well might help them mediate arguments among the staff, handle individuals that are unsatisfied with their care, as well as lessen staff concerns regarding schedules and the volume of patients they have to see and management tasks they need to perform.

Lots of the administrative duties can be taken care of by other members of the nursing staff, but it will be the managers that oversee their work. Particularly in bigger hospitals, nurses have so many patients that the administrative work may not be performed as needed by the hospital, so the manager must check it and correct any issues.

RN managers should be able to work long hours in a high pressure atmosphere. But the further responsibilities and long hours means better pay.

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10 Speed Reading Tips For Students

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Reading is an essential skill for everyone, and the faster you can read, the better. With speed reading skills, you'll be able to cover more material in less time, and be able to remember more of the most important content. Here are 10 tips for speed reading:

1) Remember WHY you're reading: Keep in mind why it's important for you to read what you're reading right this minute. It helps focus your Reticular Activating System, which influences mental alertness. Ask questions about the subject matter while you're reading it.

2) Pick the ideal time to read: Many students can improve their reading speed and concentration by reading important material early in the day, while others can read better at night, usually in the early evening. Test yourself to find out what time of day works best for you.

3) Read with a pointer: Use a pointer to get your eyes to follow along quickly. The best pointer is your index finger! You could also use a pen or a pencil.

4) Don't re-read: Don't go back and read the same sections again - you'll only disturb the flow of reading. Just slow down a little and pick up the pace once you're in the zone. Know that some of the words are inconsequential and that you only need to get the gist of it.

5) Select and choose what you read: If you think you're reading something that's not really important, quickly move on to material that's more essential. This alone can save you up to 50% of your reading time.

6) Read like it matters: Be an active reader. Pay attention and avoid reading in a passive way. It's better to be focused for 10 to 20 minutes than to waste an hour going through the motions.

7) Set your reading pace using your hand and finger: With your right hand, use your finger as your pointer to train your eyes to read the letters and words faster.

8) Regulate your reading speed: Adjust the speed of your reading up or down depending on your needs and the context you're in (a quiet environment may allow a different speed than a noisy one).

9) Read in small chunks: You don't have to commit hours at a time to reading. When you fit it into your day in small chunks, you'll get a lot more done - remember to take your books with you!

10) Minimize distractions: Reduce distractions to a bare minimum to improve your reading speed. Sometimes instrumental music helps block out environmental noise and other distractions.


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Getting the Most Out of a College Internship: What Students Should Expect

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When they decide to pursue a means for gaining a little experience before they graduate, many students turn to an internship to give them the chance to develop and expand upon job skills. Students should take advantage of these programs, as having as much experience as possible will be of great value when the student enters the job market after graduation. They will gain an advantage over many of their fellow students when it comes time to interview for jobs after earning their degrees.

When a student finds a good college internship, they will be worlds ahead of their peers when it comes to preparing for the real world. A student with an internship under their belt will understand what to expect from the next level and what challenges may be thrown their way when they get there. This exposure at an early stage often prepares the student for anything and will impress an interviewer. Interviewers usually get tired talking to the same tired applicant, so going in with fresh ideas and stories will grab their attention and make the interview memorable. Sticking out in their head is a good thing, so doing all they can to make an impression is important.

Students that make good impressions usually have better results on the job market. When the student is able to walk into an interview and impress the interviewers with their experience and demonstrate leadership, they usually leave at an advantage over their peers and the other applicants. Being able to stand out among the rest is a good thing and with a college internship, many students end up looking more attractive and better prepared to handle the rigors of the real world. A little job experience goes a long way in this job market, so going in with none can be a killer to an applicant's chances. A college internship is a great way to get a little experience and hopefully pay for college tuition at the same time.

Students should take advantage of their college internship to the fullest extent possible. Opportunities like this may not come around again, so taking full advantage the first time around is important. When the student uses the internship as a means to develop important job skills and become a better job applicant, they are getting the most out of the experience and will probably increase their chances of being hired. Finding a job they really want is important, as nobody wants to find themselves stuck in a job they hate for years.

With a college internship, students are able to learn leadership, financial management skills, sales skills, organizational skills and other important talent that comes in handy at the next level. Interviewers and employers will especially love to see students coming out of college with some real leadership experience and ability. Leadership is something all companies covet in their employees, so having an opportunity to develop leadership skills while in college is important and will come in handy when interviewing for a good job that will prove both engaging and helpful as the student embarks on their career path.

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Handling a College Tuition Crisis

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Students all over the country feel in crisis because of the high cost of attending a college or university these days. Many students begin to panic or sweat it when their tuition bills are near due and they have no idea how they are going to pay them. There are several options students have when coming up with money for tuition, some of which few students consider.

College tuition is often the catalyst to many students' college dreams, and this should never be the case. Students should do what they can to attend college if it is indeed in their plans. While college is not for everybody, and many people go on to lead very happy and successful lives while never going to college, for those students who do wish to attend a school, finding the money for college tuition should be at the top of their lists. Students in need of aid may feel that they are the only ones in this situation, as their classmates seem to have their finances in order with little to no problem or hassle on their end. They should realize, however, that many students go through a crisis or two when it comes to paying those tuition bills.

Students that have no problem paying for school often have received a good deal of scholarships, or one really big one. They may have received a generous grant, or have taken out an enormous student loan that they will have to pay back upon graduation. Some come from families with money, while others work their way through school. Most pay for school with some combination of these possibilities. Students still in need of financial aid should consider an internship or part-time job as a possibility when considering financial sources.

A college internship is an excellent way to come up with money necessary to pay for college tuition. The cost of tuition is often rising, so students may need all the help they can get to pay their bills. Having an internship that really gives students responsibility and the opportunity to make some real money will prove to be a reliable and steady way to earn money for classes, books, rent, utilities or just money to have a little fun. Students will not only gain monetarily from an internship, but many go on to develop leadership skills and other valuable skills that will impress potential employers upon graduation.

Having money for college tuition is one thing, but learning new skills and having valuable experiences and learning life lessons will benefit the student for the rest of their life. It may even help to set the student apart from his or her peers when it comes time to hit the job market. Interviewers are often thrilled to speak with a young man or woman with more to talk about than simply classes and on campus activities. Having something real to draw from will prove to be valuable. The first step, for many people, is to pay for college and get that degree, so having a reliable way to earn the money necessary to pay for college is often the best thing for a student struggling to pay their bills.

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Animation Career Paths – The Storyboard Artist

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The storyboard is the visual shot-by-shot translation of a script and is the basis for the entire production process that follows, including design, background and layout, animation, and post-production. Despite changing technology, storyboards are still mostly drawn by hand.

Storyboards represent the finished product long before great time and expense goes into a project. The storyboard artist, working in the style of the production, maintains storytelling continuity, breaks down the script into scenes or shots, establishes the size relationships between characters and props, and indicates the acting by hitting strong poses on each story point. In addition, the storyboard artist is often the first to rough out new background locations, characters, and props. A storyboard artist balances strong drawing skills with a good knowledge of anatomy, acting, directing, staging, and the ability to think creatively and quickly. With such commanding skills, story-board artists often develop into animation directors.

Veteran storyboard artist and co-creator of Frederator/Nickelodeon’s Call Me Bessie!, Diane Kredensor, describes the daily duties of a storyboard artist, “First, you go through the script and thumbnail out your shots. Then you pitch your thumbnails to the storyboard supervisor or animation director for notes and changes. From there, you flesh it out, adding the acting, into a full rough storyboard. Some productions already have the voices recorded and the board artist will board to track. Otherwise, you create (draw) the acting and the voice actor match your board. Once your rough board is approved by the director, you make it pretty, putting everything on model, and then you’re done.

What kind of training and skills does a storyboard artist need to develop to start out and to keep advancing in her career? According to Diane Kredensor, you want to be a good draftsman, able to draw the human figure in a variety of poses. “Other skills should include strong storytelling, cinematography, staging and composition. Storyboards should clearly communicate ideas to the entire production team, so strong communication skills are an important asset”.

All the experts agree that the most intensive learning takes place on the job. The more experience you have out there working with other people’s good boards, the better your own boards become.

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High School Students: Why You Must Show Caution While Using YouTube

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Are you a high school student who enjoys using YouTube? You might not only enjoy watching video clips on YouTube, but you may also love to make and share your own video clips. Even if you are in high school, you can do so with YouTube, as YouTube allows those thirteen and older to share their videos. While this are able to be fun to do, you need to display some caution when making your YouTube videos.

Display caution when making your YouTube video clips? If you are wondering why you need to do so, aside from the understandable safety concerns, you could be wondering why all the worry. What you may not realize is that your online content, including your YouTube videos, possibly will be watched by those who are associated with your school. Those views could come from your pals, other classmates, or even school officials. That is why it is extremely important that you thoroughly examine your YouTube video content and make sure that no harm can come to you later on.

When it comes to YouTube video contents that you ought to stay away from, mainly if you are a high school student, the most clear is illegal activities. You do not want to have video of yourself or your friends drinking immature, doing drugs, or committing another crime, no matter how slight it may seem. As it was beforehand pointed out, you in no way actually know who will come across your video clips. With the way that high schools and gossip works these days, if one of your classmates found a video of yours on YouTube it is likely that they wouldn’t keep that video to themselves; they will almost always share it with others that they know.
One more type of video contents that you possibly will want to keep away from is contents that is offensive to other students at your school. This type of contents most commonly comes up in video blogs. Many internet users use video blogs to vent their frustrations or talk about their day. If you are a high school student, there is a good chance that you possibly will want to discuss school, your friends, or your classmates. While this is more than possible to do, you will want to refrain from sounding too negative or even threatening. Although you could just be joking, “I’m so mad I could kill her,” could be taken out of context by someone viewing your YouTube video, whether it is a video blog or not.

As it was beforehand mentioned, one of the many individuals who could end up viewing your YouTube videos are your classmates or even school officials. While we would all love to believe that our classmates are cool, not all of them are. be supposed to one of your classmates find a video on YouTube that they found offensive or poor in taste, they may report it to your school. Speaking of your school, your school officials possibly will even come across your YouTube videos, as many schools are now using the internet, namely social networking sites, to monitor their students and their activities. Having unlawful activities documented in your YouTube videos could spell trouble for you, in more ways than one.

When it comes to YouTube video clips with illegal activities or threats documented in them, the consequences that you suffer, if any, will all depend on the school district in question. It is not uncommon for school districts to suspend students that they find doing prohibited activities, even if those activities were not committed on school properties. should you participate in extra circular activities, including sports, you have find yourself suspended from all sports teams or other school sponsored organizations, temporarily or even permanently. In serious situations, be fond of where threats against other students have been documented, it is not uncommon for the authorities to be contacted.

As you are able to see, there are serious consequences to not thinking before making and sharing your videos on YouTube. All high school students, including you, are urged to think about your future, before using YouTube as a source of fun entertainment.

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HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS VOLS 1 & 2 - PROJECT GUTENBERG

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the Philippine Islands Vols 1 and 2, by Antonio de Morga

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**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts**

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Title: History of the Philippine Islands Vols 1 and 2

Author: Antonio de Morga

Release Date: December, 2004 [EBook #7001] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on February 21, 2003]

Edition: 10

Language: English

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE ***

This eBook was produced by Jeroen Hellingman

MORGA'S PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

VOLUME I

Of this work five hundred copies are issued separately from "The
Philippine Islands, 1493-1898," in fifty-five volumes.
HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

From their discovery by Magellan in 1521 to the beginning of the XVII
Century; with descriptions of Japan, China and adjacent countries, by
Dr. ANTONIO DE MORGA

Alcalde of Criminal Causes, in the Royal Audiencia of Nueva Espana, and Counsel for the Holy Office of the Inquisition

Completely translated into English, edited and annotated by

E. H. BLAIR and J. A. ROBERTSON With Facsimiles

[Separate publication from "The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898" in which series this appears as volumes 15 and 16.]

VOLUME I

Cleveland, Ohio The Arthur H. Clark Company 1907

COPYRIGHT 1907

THE ARTUR H. CLARK COMPANY

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

CONTENTS OF VOLUME I [xv of series]

Preface

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. Dr. Antonio de Morga; Mexico, 1609

Bibliographical Data

Appendix A: Expedition of Thomas Candish

Appendix B: Early years of the Dutch in the East Indies

ILLUSTRATIONS

View of city of Manila; photographic facsimile of engraving in Mallet's Description de l'univers (Paris, 1683), ii, p. 127, from copy in Library of Congress.

Title-page of Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, by Dr. Antonio de Morga
(Mexico, 1609); photographic facsimile from copy in Lenox Library.
Map showing first landing-place of Legazpi in the Philippines; photographic facsimile of original MS. map in the pilots' log-book of the voyage, in Archivo general de Indias, Sevilla.

View of Dutch vessels stationed in bay of Albay; from T. de Bry's Peregrinationes, 1st ed. (Amsterdame, 1602), tome xvi, no. iv. "Voyage faict entovr de l'univers par Sr. Olivier dv Nort"—p. 36; photographic facsimile, from copy in Boston Public Library.

Battle with Oliver van Noordt, near Manila, December 14, 1600; ut supra, p. 44.

Sinking of the Spanish flagship in battle with van Noordt; ut supra, p. 45.

Capture of van Noordt's admiral's ship; ut supra, p. 46.




PREFACE

In this volume is presented the first installment of Dr. Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. Events here described cover the years 1493-1603, and the history proper of the islands from 1565. Morga's work is important, as being written by a royal official and a keen observer and participator in affairs. Consequently he touches more on the practical everyday affairs of the islands, and in his narrative shows forth the policies of the government, its ideals, and its strengths and weaknesses. His book is written in the true historic spirit, and the various threads of the history of the islands are followed systematically. As being one of the first of published books regarding the Philippines, it has especial value. Political, social, and economic phases of life, both among the natives and their conquerors, are treated. The futility of the Spanish policy in making external expeditions, and its consequent neglect of internal affairs; the great Chinese question; the growth of trade; communication with Japan; missionary movements from the islands to surrounding countries; the jealous and envious opposition of the Portuguese; the dangers of sea-voyages: all these are portrayed vividly, yet soberly. Morga's position in the state allowed him access to many documents, and he seems to have been on general good terms with all classes, so that he readily gained a knowledge of facts. The character of Morga's work and his comprehensive treatment of the history, institutions, and products of the Philippines, render possible and desirable the copious annotations of this and the succeeding volume. These annotations are contributed in part by those of Lord Stanley's translation of Morga, and those of Rizal's reprint, while the Recopilacion de leyes de Indias furnishes a considerable number of laws.

The book is preceded by the usual licenses and authorizations, followed by the author's dedication and introduction. In the latter he declares his purpose in writing his book to be that "the deeds achieved by our Spaniards in the discovery, conquest, and conversion of the Filipinas Islands—as well as various fortunes that they have had from time to time in the great kingdoms and among the pagan peoples surrounding the islands" may be known. The first seven chapters of the book treat of "discoveries, conquests, and other events … until the death of Don Pedro de Acuna." The eighth chapter treats of the natives, government, conversion, and other details.

In rapid survey the author passes the line of demarcation of Alexander VI, and the voyages of Magalhaes and Elcano, Loaisa, Villalobos, and others, down to the expedition of Legazpi. The salient points of this expedition are briefly outlined, his peaceful reception by Tupas and the natives, but their later hostility, because the Spaniards "seized their provisions," their defeat, the Spaniards' first settlement in Sebu, and the despatching of the advice-boat to Nueva Espana to discover the return passage, and inform the viceroy of the success of the expedition. From Sebu the conquest and settlement is extended to other islands, and the Spanish capital is finally moved to Manila. Events come rapidly. The conquest proceeds "by force of arms or by the efforts of the religious who have sown the good seeds of the gospel." Land is allotted to the conquerors, and towns are gradually founded, and the amount of the natives' tribute is fixed.

At Legazpi's death Guido de Lavezaris assumes his responsibilities by virtue of a royal despatch among Legazpi's papers, and continues the latter's plans. The pirate Limahon is defeated after having slain Martin de Goiti. Trade with China is established "and as a consequence has been growing ever since." The two towns of Betis and Lubao allotted by Lavezaris to himself are taken from him later by order of his successor, Dr. Francisco de Sande, but are restored to him by express order of the king, together with the office of master-of-camp.

Succeeding Lavezaris in 1575, Dr. Francisco de Sande continues "the pacification of the islands …. especially that of the province of Camarines." The town of Nueva Caceres is founded, and Sande's partially effective campaign to Borneo, and its offshoot—that of Estevan Rodriguez de Figueroa to Mindanao—undertaken. The "San Juanillo" is despatched to Nueva Espana, "but it was lost at sea and never heard of again." Sande is relieved of his governorship by Gonzalo Ronquillo de Pefialosa, and after his residencia returns "to Nueva Espana as auditor of Mexico."

Chapter III details the events of Gonzalo Ronquillo de Pefialosa's administration and the interim of government of Diego Ronquillo. Events, with the greater stability constantly given the islands, follow more quickly. Gonzalo de Penalosa, by an agreement with the king, is to take six hundred colonists—married and single—to the islands, in return for which he is to be governor for life. He establishes the town of Arevalo in Panay, builds the Chinese Parian, endeavors, although unsuccessfully, to discover a return passage to Nueva Espana, by the South Sea, and despatches "a ship to Peru with merchandise to trade for certain goods which he said that the Filipinas needed." He imposes the two per cent export duty on goods to Nueva Espana, and the three per cent duty on Chinese merchandise, and "although he was censured for having done this without his Majesty's orders" they "remained in force, and continued to be imposed thenceforward." The first expedition in aid of Tidore is sent for the conquest of the island of Ternate, but proves a failure. Cagayan is first pacified, and the town of Nueva Caceres founded. Gabriel de Rivera, after an expedition to Borneo, is sent to Spain to consult the best interests of the islands. Domingo de Salazar receives his appointment as bishop, and is accompanied to the islands by Antonio Sedeno and Alonso Sanchez, the first Jesuits in the islands. In 1583 Gonzalo de Penalosa dies, and is succeeded by his kinsman Diego Ronquillo. Shortly after occurs Manila's first disastrous fire, but the city is rebuilt, although with difficulty. In consequence of Rivera's trip to Spain, the royal Audiencia of Manila is established with Santiago de Vera as its president and governor of the islands.

In the fourth chapter are related the events of Santiago de Vera's administration, and the suppression of the Audiencia. Vera reaches the islands in 1584, whence shortly afterwards he despatches another expedition to the Malucos which also fails. The pacification continues, and the islands are freed from a rebellion and insurrection conspired between Manila and Pampanga chiefs. Fortifications are built and an artillery foundry established under the charge of natives. During this term Candish makes his memorable voyage, passing through some of the islands. Finally the Audiencia is suppressed, through the representations made by Alonso Sanchez, who is sent to Spain and Rome with authority to act for all classes of society. On his return he brings from Rome "many relics, bulls, and letters for the Filipinas." Through the influence of the Jesuit, Gomez Perez Dasmarinas receives appointment as governor of the islands; and with his salary increased to "ten thousand Castilian ducados" and with despatches for the suppression of the Audiencia, and the establishment of regular soldiers, he arrives at Manila in May, 1590.

Chapter V deals with the term of Gomez Perez Dasmarinas and the interims of Pedro de Rojas and Luis Perez Dasmarinas. The term of the new governor is characterized by his great energy and enthusiasm. The Manila wall and other fortifications, the building of galleys, the regulation of trade, various pacifications, the rebuilding of Manila, and the opening of negotiations with Japan, are all a part of his administration, and he is the inspirer of them all. The first note to the future expeditions to, and troubles with, Camboja and Siam is struck by an embassy from the first country in charge of Diego Belloso with offers of trade and friendship and requests for aid against Siam, the latter being at the time deferred. In accordance with his great desire to conquer Ternate, the governor fits out a great fleet in 1593, sending the advance vessels to the Pintados in care of his son. Shortly after, leaving the city in charge of Diego Ronquillo, although with too few troops for defense, Gomez Perez sets out to join his son, but is assassinated by his Chinese rowers, who mutiny and make off with the galley. After his death, the contests for his office begin, for the dead governor had assured various people that they would be appointed in case of his death. Especially had he done this with Estevan Rodriguez de Figueroa, a wealthy man of the Pintados, to whom he "had shown an appointment drawn in his favor." In Manila, Pedro de Rojas, lieutenant-assessor, is chosen governor ad interim, but after forty days Luis Perez Dasmarinas takes the office by virtue of an appointment regularly drawn in his favor. The return of the troops to Manila proves an efficacious relief from fears of a Chinese invasion. The vessels sent to Nueva Espana in 1593 fail to make the voyage because of stormy weather, but the governor's death is learned in Spain by way of India. The troubles between the bishop and governor culminate somewhat before the latter's death, in the departure of the former for Spain, as a result of which an archbishopric with suffragan bishops is established in the islands, and the Audiencia is reestablished. The office of lieutenant-assessor is given more weight and Morga is sent out to fill it in 1595 under its changed title of lieutenant-governor. In the administration of Luis Perez Dasmarinas affairs begin actively with Camboja through the expedition despatched under Juan Xuarez Gallinato, and Blas Ruiz de Hernan Gonzalez and Diego Belloso. The governor, completely under the influence of the Dominicans, although against the advice of the "majority of people in the city" sends a fleet to Camboja. Gallinato fails to reach that country until after Blas Ruiz and Belloso have quarreled with the Chinese there, killed the usurping Cambodian king, Anacaparan, and thrown the country into confusion. Much to their displeasure Gallinato refuses to continue the conquest, chides the others harshly, and departs for Manila by way of Cochinchina. At Cochinchina Blas Ruiz and Belloso go to the kingdom of Lao to find the legitimate king of Camboja, Prauncar. On their arrival they find that he has died, but partly through their efforts and those of two Malays, the king's younger son, who still survives, is placed on the throne. Gallinato experiences difficulty in Cochinchina, where he endeavors to regain the standard and various other articles from the galley of Gomez Perez that had been stolen by the Chinese, but finally returns safely to Manila. Meanwhile Estevan Rodriguez de Figueroa agrees to subdue Mindanao at his own expense, in return for which he is to have its governorship for two generations. In pursuance of this he fits out a large expedition, but shortly after reaching the island is killed in a fight and ambush, whereupon his first commanding officer Juan de la Xara schemes to continue the expedition, and establishes his men in a settlement near Tampacan, called Murcia.

The administration of Governor Francisco Tello forms the subject-matter of chapter VI. At his arrival in 1596, news is received in the island of the appointment of Fray Ignacio de Santibanez as archbishop, and of two appointments for bishops. News of the death of Estevan Rodriguez is brought to Manila, and the machinations of Juan de la Xara to carry on the expedition independently of Manila learned. His death shortly after arrest, while on his way to Oton to push his suit with Rodriguez's widow, frustrates his plans. Juan Ronquillo is sent to Mindanao and takes over the command there, but being discouraged by the outlook advises an evacuation of the river of Mindanao and the fortifying of La Caldera, on the Mindanao coast. However he gains a complete victory over the combined forces of Mindanaos and Ternatans, which causes him to send another despatch to Tello. But the latter's reply to the first despatch having been received, in accordance with its orders he burns his fort, and after establishing a garrison at La Caldera, returns to Manila with the rest of his command. There he is arrested for not awaiting Tello's second despatch, but is liberated on producing a letter ordering him in any event to return to Manila. Gallinato, on his return from Cochinchina is accused by his own men of not following up the victory at Camboja, for had he done so, "all that had been hoped in that kingdom would have been attained." An incipient rebellion in Cagayan is checked by the murder of its leader by his own countrymen "who had offered to do it for a reward." In the year 1596, the remnants of Alvaro de Mendana de Neira's expedition that had set out from Peru to rediscover the Solomon Islands reaches the Philippines after great sufferings from famine and disease, and after the death of many men, among them the commander himself. The voyage is related in detail in a letter from the chief pilot, Pedro Fernandez de Quiros to Morga; it is full of stirring adventure, and of keen and appreciative observation. One of the vessels, the "San Geronymo" despatched to Nueva Espana in 1596, is forced to put in at a Japanese port because of storms. There they receive ill-treatment, and the efforts of the Franciscan missionaries in Japan in their behalf lead to the edict sentencing them to death, in accordance with which six Franciscans, three Jesuits, and seventeen native helpers are crucified in 1597. Taicosama's wrath, intensified by the accusation that the Spaniards conquered kingdoms "by first sending their religious to the kingdom" and by entering afterward "with their arms," is satisfied by the crucifixion of the religious and their assistants, and the men of the "San Geronymo" are allowed to return to Manila. The religious write a letter of farewell to Dr. Morga, in which they inform him that Japan intends to attack the Philippines. Luis Navarrete Fajardo is sent to Japan to demand satisfaction, but accomplishes little. Faranda Quiemon, one of Taicosama's vassals, a man of obscure birth, obtaining permission to make an expedition of conquest, sets about his preparations, but owing to lack of resources and initiative fails to complete them. Meanwhile great caution is exercised in Manila, and the Japanese residing there are sent back to Japan, while those coming on trading vessels are well treated but gotten rid of as soon as possible. Cambodian affairs are again set on foot, although against the advice of some, through the instrumentality of Father Alonso Ximenez, a Dominican who had accompanied Gallinato on the former expedition, but who had been left behind at Cochinchina through his own disobedience of orders. Affairs in Mindanao and Jolo assume a threatening aspect. One Juan Pacho, commander of La Caldera, is killed in an incursion into Jolo with twenty of his men, and a new commander of La Caldera is appointed until a punitive expedition can be undertaken. In 1598 the archbishop arrives, and the Manila Audiencia is reestablished by royal order, and the seal received with great pomp and ceremony. A letter received that same year by Morga from Blas Ruiz details events in Camboja since he and Belloso went there with Gallinato's expedition. Blas Ruiz seeks to excuse their actions in Camboja and holds out the hope of Spanish conquest and influence on the mainland, and asks help from the islands. As a consequence of this letter, Luis Perez Dasmarinas secures permission to attempt an expedition to the mainland at his own expense to aid the king of Camboja and then to seize the kingdom of Champan, whose king was a constant menace to all navigators throughout that region. Negotiations with China and the granting of an open port to Spaniards called El Pinal, are opened and secured through the efforts of Juan de Zamudio who is sent to China for saltpeter and metals, although with great and vindictive opposition from the Portuguese, who fear the loss of their own trade at Macao. At El Pinal the survivors of two of Luis Perez's three ships meet with Juan de Zamudio, after suffering great storms, hardships, and wrecks. The same favor is extended him by the Chinese as to Zamudio, but the Portuguese show their hostility to him also, imprisoning the men sent by him to Macao to ask for help, and even attempting force against him. Both Zamudio and a messenger from Luis Perez carry news of the latter's disaster to Manila, whereupon a ship and supplies are sent him with orders to return to Manila. Hernando de los Rios Coronel, sent to Canton by Luis Perez to negotiate with the Chinese, writes from that city to Dr. Morga concerning China and the possibility, desirability, and advantages of the Chinese trade in China instead of Manila, and the opposition of the Portuguese. China he describes as a country "full of rivers and towns, and without a palmo of ground left lying idle." Meanwhile the third vessel of Luis Perez's fleet, commanded by Luis Ortiz, reaches Camboja, where he and his companions join the Spanish, Portuguese, and Japanese already there. This small force, which is eyed askance by the Malay leaders and others envious of, and hostile to them on account of their prowess and their influence with the weak king, is further increased by Captain Juan de Mendoza Gamboa and Fray Juan Maldonado, a learned Dominican, and their men. The former, having obtained permission to go on a trading expedition to Siam, for which he is given letters of embassy, is also entrusted to convey certain supplies to Don Luis at Camboja, where he fails to find him. Maldonado is sent by his order as a companion to Don Luis. This addition to their forces is welcomed by the Spaniards in Camboja, and they refuse to let them depart until hearing definite news of Luis Perez. The arrival of a contingent of Japanese, mestizos, and one Spaniard, who had left Japan on a piratical expedition, still further increases the force in Camboja. The leaders Blas Ruiz, Belloso, and Maldonado treat with the king on their own account, but not so satisfactorily as they wish. Conflicts and quarrels arising between their forces and the Malays, the latter finally overpower and kill the Spaniards, Portuguese, and Japanese, except several who remain in the country and Mendoza, Maldonado and a few men who escape in the former's vessel. In Camboja confusion and anarchy again reign and the king is bullied and finally killed by the Malays. The Joloans and Mindanaos are emboldened by the final abandonment and dismantling of the fort at La Caldera—which is decided upon by the governor against the opinion of the Audiencia—and, joined in self-defense by the peaceful natives of Mindanao, make an incursion against Spaniards and natives in the Pintados in 1599, in which they take immense booty and many captives. The next year they return with a larger force, but are defeated by the alcalde-mayor of Arevalo, whereupon they resolve to be revenged. In Japan the death of Taicosama encourages Geronimo de Jesus, a Franciscan who has escaped crucifixion, to open negotiations with his successor Daifusama. The latter, desiring trade for his own northern province of Quanto, requests the governor of Manila, through the religious, for commerce, and men to build ships for the Nueva Espana trade which he wishes to open. He does not negotiate concerning religion, for "the profit and benefit to be derived from friendship and commerce with the Spaniards was more to the taste of Daifusama than what he had heard concerning their religion." However, the religious writes that freedom is given to evangelize throughout Japan, although the only concession given is that the religious could establish a house at their trading station. In October of 1600 news reaches Manila of the coming and depredations of Oliver van Noordt's two vessels. The description of the preparations, made by Morga, the instructions given him by the governor, his instructions to Juan de Alcega, and the fight and its consequences follow. In the same year of 1600 the vessels "Santa Margarita" and "San Geronymo" are both unable to reach Nueva Espana, and are wrecked—the latter near Catanduanes, and the former in the Ladrones, where it is rifled by the natives and the men surviving distributed through the different villages. In 1600 the "Santo Tomas" on its way to the islands puts in at the Ladrones, but the commander, fearing storms, refuses to wait for the Spanish prisoners of the "Santa Margarita," although petitioned to do so by the religious and others. Accordingly a Franciscan, Juan Pobre, full of pity for the unfortunate men, casts in his lot with them and voluntarily remains behind. The "San Felipe" is wrecked eighty leguas from Manila, and its cargo taken overland to that city. Mindanao and Jolo affairs are meanwhile given into command of Gallinato, and although he is partially successful, the rains, hunger, and disease work for the natives, and finally in May of 1602, Gallinato sends to Manila for instructions. Juan de Mendoza and Fray Juan Maldonado, after leaving Camboja proceed on their journey to Siam, but are received there coldly by the king, and their trading is unsatisfactory. Fearing violence they depart one night without notifying the Siamese, taking with them certain Portuguese held in Siam as partial prisoners, but are pursued by the Siamese who molest them until in the open sea. From wounds received during the week's continual conflict both Mendoza and Maldonado die, the latter first writing to his Order and advising them "on their consciences not to again become instruments of a return to Camboja." Troubles in Maluco between the Dutch and natives on the one side and the Portuguese and Spanish on the other, render it necessary to send aid several times from Manila. In March of 1601, a letter is written by the king of Tidore to Morga requesting aid against Ternate and the Dutch, in response to which supplies and reenforcements are sent in 1602.

The seventh chapter deals with events during the period of Pedro de Acuna's administration. With his arrival in May of 1602, new life and energy are infused in public affairs. The new governor first concerns himself with home affairs. He constructs galleys but has to postpone an intended visit to Pintados, in order to attend to Japan and Jolo, and despatch the vessels to Nueva Espana. It is determined to open commerce with Quanto, but to defer the matter of sending workmen to Japan to show the Japanese how to construct ships, as that will be detrimental. Religious of the various orders go to Japan, but are received less warmly than Geronymo de Jesus's letter leads them to expect. The latter pressed by Daifusama for the performance of his promises finally asks permission to go to Manila to advocate them in person, whence he brings back assurance of trade with Quanto. The vessel despatched there is forced to put in at another port, but is allowed to trade there and to return. Two vessels despatched to Nueva Espana in 1602 are forced to return, putting in on the way—the first at the Ladrones and the other at Japan. The first brings back most of the men wrecked at the Ladrones. The second after rough treatment in Japan finally escapes. As a result of an embassy sent to Daifusama from this vessel chapas or writs of safety are provided to the Spaniards so that any vessel putting into Japanese ports will be well treated in the future. The reenforcements sent to Gallinato at Jolo serve only to enable him to break camp and return to Manila. While Acuna is on his way to Pintados to inspect those islands, a raiding expedition of Moros goes as far as Luzon and Mindoro, committing many depredations, thus compelling the governor to return, who narrowly escapes capture. A punitive expedition of Spaniards and Indians sent in pursuit of the Moros inflicts but slight damage. Shortly before this a fleet prepared at Goa for the chastisement of the Malucos sets out under Andrea Furtado de Mendoza, but is separated by storms. Some of the vessels with the commander reach Amboina, but in so crippled and destitute a condition that they are forced to ask help from Manila. Acuna, although arranging independently for an expedition to Maluco, sends a force there under Gallinato in 1603 to aid the Portuguese. Early in that year the prelude to the Chinese troubles of that same year is given by the coming of the Chinese mandarins to see the island of gold, which causes many, among them the archbishop and some religious, to counsel watchfulness. In 1603 occurs the second disastrous fire in Manila, with a loss of over one million pesos.

The victorious Malays in Camboja are finally driven out by a combination of patriotic mandarins, and make the brother of their old king sovereign, whereupon relations between Camboja and the Philippines are again established by sending there a number of religious. In May of 1603 two ships with reenforcements arrive at Manila, bringing certain ecclesiastical news. The aid rendered Furtado de Mendoza by Gallinato does not prove sufficient to subdue the Ternatans, and Gallinato returns to Manila. The present installment of Morga ends with the courteous letter written to Acuna by Furtado de Mendoza, in which he renders praise to Gallinato and his men. The remainder of the book will appear in the succeeding volume.

The present volume ends with two appendices: the first an abstract of Thomas Candish's circumnavigation; the second an abstract of Dutch expeditions to the East Indies.

THE EDITORS

May, 1904.

SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS

By Dr. Antonio de Morga. Mexico: at the shop of Geronymo Baili, in the year 1609; printed by Cornelio Adriano Cesar.

SOURCE: The translation is made from the Harvard copy of the original printed work.

TRANSLATION: This is made by Alfonso de Salvio, Norman F. Hall, and James Alexander Robertson.

SVCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS

DIRIGIDO

A DON CRISTOVAL GOMEZ DE

Sandoual y Rojas, Duque de Cea.

POR EL DOCTOR ANTONIO DE MORGA,

Alcaldo del Crimen, de la real Audiencia de la Nueua Espana, Consultor del santo Oficio de la Inquisicion.

EN MEXICO.

En casa de Geronymo Balli. Ano 1609.

Por Cornelio Adriano Cesar

---TO BE CONTINUED---


ABOUT THE AUTHOR OF THIS BLOG: A freelance writer who meticulously structured and maintained blogs just for you:A LIFE SO FAR AWAYand my other blog:OFW: THIS IS MY LIFE AND STORY Thank you for your valuable time. Follow my business & writings and you'll find what life's meant to be.

Skyscraper Worldwide: Reaching for the Record or Reaching for the Sky?

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The Great Pyramid of Cheops, Ulm Cathedral, St. Peter’s, the Empire State Building, the Sears Tower….for millennia, the world’s tallest buildings have been occidental.

As we approach the first quarter of the new millennium, however, the tallest buildings in the world are no longer in Africa, Europe and the United States, but in the rapidly growing cities of the Far East (Shanghai, Kuala Lumpur, Kaohsiung, Hong Kong and Chongqing) and the Middle East (Dubai) are shooting skywards at a pace that makes the great New York and Chicago building booms of 1900-1930 appear almost tame.

Not only are the tallest buildings soaring but brand new cities are also reaching for the sky. Shenzhen, to the north of Kowloon, is a special economic zone in the People’s Republic of China. It is also one of the fastest growing cities in the world.

The scale of these skyscrapers is astonishing. The Petronas of Kuala Lumpur is designed by Cesar Pelli, the Argentine-born, New York-based architect, these twin peaks rise to 1,475 ft – some 25 ft higher than the Sears Tower, in Chicago. Mahathir Mohamad, Malaysia’s Prime Minister wanted to capture the record from the Americans. Dr. Mohamad wants to make the point that Malaysia is at the heart of Southeast Asia’s economic miracle. Pelli is also the architect of Canary Wharf Tower, the tallest building in Britain. At 800 ft it is dwarfed by its Malaysian cousins.

The Chinese, however, have no intention of letting the Malaysians rest on their laurels. After the completion of the Petronas Towers, the Chongqing Tower is built at 114-storey building, partly office block and partly hotel, looms 1,500 ft over the Yangtze and Jialing rivers. The tower – not the prettiest – has been designed by Haines Lundberg Waehler, a firm of New York architects. The building makes an overt display of the geomantic principles of Feng Shui. What this means in practice is that the building is based on the Chinese lucky number, eight. Offices are located on the eight to the 80th floors above an eight-storey entrance lobby, and the office floors are punctuated by eight-storey atria. As with the Petronas Towers, the building’s height is symbolic.

The Japanese are talking of building even higher. The Millenium Tower designed by Sir Norman Foster and Partners for Tokyo will be more than 2,600 ft tall. Although vast, it is, however, quite beautiful when contrasted with the muddled profiles of the Petronas Towers, Chongqing Tower and the Sears Tower.

Architects, engineers and building contractors face relatively few difficulties when building into the clouds. Skyscraper technology is long established.

When Frank Lloyd Wright, the flamboyant American architect, designed a mile-high skyscraper – the Illinois – 70 years ago, he was not simply being silly. The tower could have been built. The question to be asked when such vertiginous schemes are planned is not how, but why.

Other Important Information:

1) Salisbury Cathedral – 404 feet in 1320
2) Canary Wharf, London – 800 feet in 1989
3) Empire State Building, New York – 1,250 feet in 1931
4) Jin Mao Building, Shanghai – 1,380 feet in 1997
5) Sears Tower, Chicago – 1,454 feet in 1974
6) Petronas Tower, Kuala Lumpur – 1,475 feet in 1996
7) Chongqing Tower, Chongqing China – 1,500 feet in 1997
8) Millenium Tower, Tokyo Japan – 2,600 feet


ABOUT THE AUTHOR OF THIS BLOG: A freelance writer who meticulously structured and maintained blogs just for you:A LIFE SO FAR AWAYand my other blog:OFW: THIS IS MY LIFE AND STORY Thank you for your valuable time. Follow my business & writings and you'll find what life's meant to be.

Internet Job Ideas for College Students

Author Resource: Chris Simpson is dedicated to helping people find honest and legitimate work at home jobs and home based business ideas. See my top 10 work at home jobs today and learn how to make money online at: http://www.HomeNetPro.comArticle provided by - Published-Articles.com






We know that college is expensive and even more so with today's economy. If you are looking for ways to make some money while attending classes here is some information for you we hope you find useful.

Internet Marketing

Internet marketing is a business students can start with very little money. It can range from selling things you have produced yourself as a hobby or by promoting items or services for businesses already established. With internet access you can market just about anything from your dorm room.

Other things you can do are market your own computer-related abilities. You could offer web design or graphic design as a service that could bring in more of a cash flow. You may want to facilitate payment for your services by creating an account with PayPal in order to be able to accept credit card payments.

Paid Online Surveys

You have surely seen advertisements on the internet for businesses who offer paid online surveys. By doing a simple online search you are sure to find very good survey sites. Just take a few minutes to sign up for a few of these sites and you will be well on your way to making some money without having to leave your dorm room.

Some survey companies have in excess of 300 different clients for whom they provide surveys and you are bound to find several that can peak your interest.

Affiliate Marketing

Many companies offer an affiliate program from which you can add to your cash flow. Simply by signing up online, you can make a percentage of sales every time you refer your family and friends to purchase the product, or by promoting it on your personal or business webpage.

There are possibilities out there that could potentially earn an affiliate commission between 10-50%. Often these top companies will provide you with ready-to-use marketing material or free products in order for your marketing to be accurate and effective.

Work At Home Data Entry

With very little computer knowledge, data entry work at home is still a simple way to earn that extra money you need to cover your expenses while in college. Most companies will let you know what you will need to do to complete these jobs.

Most often companies are searching for people to advertise for them by filling out online forms. There are excellent training programs out there for a minimal fee that will show you exactly how to do this as well as tell you which companies to work for that do legitimately pay.

Computer Tutoring and Support

Advertising on school bulletin boards is another good way to add to your pocketbook while helping out a fellow student who is not as knowledgeable about computers as yourself. A listing of areas you are comfortable with and able to explain to someone else, along with your phone or dorm room number may have people lining up for your help.

By charging a reasonable fee you could be one of those students others will turn to when they are in doubt about their computer knowledge.

You might even consider creating a small 'how to' booklet that you can charge a small fee for that will get the attention of more that just a few people on campus. Just be sure to strategically place them in common areas and not simply on your floor of the dorm.

In no time you can add more spending money to your pockets, just by using your computer skills and creativity.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR OF THIS BLOG: A freelance writer who meticulously structured and maintained blogs just for you:A LIFE SO FAR AWAYand my other blog:OFW: THIS IS MY LIFE AND STORY Thank you for your valuable time. Follow my business & writings and you'll find what life's meant to be.

How To Handle Disruptive Students When Following The Tutor Saliba Teaching Method

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Author Resource:-> Christine Harrell. Author is a freelance copywriter. For more information on tutor_saliba teaching method, visit http://www.myspace.com/tutor_saliba.
Article From: Published-Articles.com







Teachers are constantly looking for ways to handle individual disruptions in the classroom, while remaining in control of the rest of the class. There are certain teaching methods that focus on teachers instructing a classroom of individuals, meaning every person's individual learning style is considered. One such style is the tutor saliba teaching method. Because the tutor saliba teaching method focuses on each child, there are three important things to consider when disciplining a classroom.

Never Belittle:

Teachers using this teaching method should never belittle a student. A teacher's words can have a big impact on his or her students. A teacher may not realize just how close a student holds his or her words and how simple words can follow a student throughout life. Many people have stories of a teacher who told them they couldn't do something, such as getting a specific job or getting into a certain college.

Even during disruptions, a teacher should never belittle a child or tell him that he can't do anything. Words like that can either spark a passion to prove the teacher wrong or pull the student into thinking he shouldn't even try. Because teachers never know which way the student will go, belittling should never be used as a discipline tool or motivator.

Be Persistent:

Persistence is key when it comes to managing classroom disruptions. Many students know that they can get away with more in a certain teacher's class. The problem these students have is they're not persistent. One day they may let a student get away with talking out of turn and the next day that same student is given a detention.

The tutor saliba teaching method recognizes that students need persistence and consistency. Teachers who work in a teaching team should make an effort to enforce the same set of rules and apply the same consequences.

Use Age Appropriate Discipline:

Discipline is expected when teachers are using this teaching method, but the following method requires that teachers use age appropriate discipline. It doesn't make any sense to discipline a young child the same way you would discipline a teenager. Here's a quick run-down of age appropriate discipline.

Young children can benefit from a simple sticker chart or check mark program. Each time a child needs to be reminded not to do something, they can receive a check mark. After so many checks in a time frame, the student should lose a privilege or have another sort of consequence. Young students should also be rewarded for following directions with a sticker chart. Students this age need the visual reinforcement that a chart provides.

Older students don't need that visual reinforcement because their brains are more developed. A teacher disciplining an older child can immediately take away privileges. This is because older children have the brain capacity to understand they aren't supposed to do something even before they do it.

Under this teaching method, discipline is important. Teachers aren't able to focus on all their students if they're constantly stopping class to redirect behavior or discipline students. When handling discipline in the classroom, keep the tutor saliba learning method in mind -- never belittle a child, be persistent with discipline, and use age appropriate punishments.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR OF THIS BLOG: A freelance writer who meticulously structured and maintained blogs just for you:A LIFE SO FAR AWAYand my other blog:OFW: THIS IS MY LIFE AND STORY Thank you for your valuable time. Follow my business & writings and you'll find what life's meant to be.

Three (3) Simple Steps to Dramatically Improved Your Writing Skills

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Amateur writers write for the sake of writing. While this may create copious amounts of inconsequential content or provide them personal pleasure, it does nothing to increase business prospects, improve the world, or move their audience to take action.

So what is the goal of great writing, and how can it change your presentations? Professional writers always have one main goal in mind with everything they write: to transform their audience. Great writers strive to help their audience see through different eyes, act differently, change the way they interact with the world.

Anyone can throw words together and make complete sentences (case in point: most of the blogosphere), but if you want to actually have impact through your writing, you must learn to write for transformation. It’s the difference between being merely informative and being compelling and persuasive. There are three simple steps to transformational writing: 1) writing for a specific audience, 2) using the right venue, and 3) choosing and executing the right type of transformation (there are three).

1. Specific Audience

If you want to reach your audience, it’s absolutely crucial that you understand them, get out of your own perspective, and write to their perspective. One of the first things I do with every piece I write is identify my target audience, things such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, location, income level, purchasing habits, hobbies, talents, interests, etc.

When I know who I’m talking to, I’m prepared to custom tailor the message to resonate with them specifically. For example, words such as “revolutionary,” “cutting-edge,” “fresh,” or “in vogue” will more likely resonate with an 18-25 age group, whereas a 60-70 age group will probably have negative reactions to them, who prefer things that are “proven,” “safe,” and “sensible.”

2. The Right Venue

By venue I mean the medium used to convey your message, including such things as magazines, newspapers, journals, books, radio and TV ads, blogs, websites, etc. The venue you choose is, in large part, determined by your audience.

For example, if I’m writing a lengthy article on monetary policy intended for scholars and economists, the best venue is probably a scholarly journal. Few people can stand to read long blocks of meaningful text on a computer screen, I probably won’t have enough space to make my case in most magazines, etc. On the other hand, if my content is concise, simple, and intended for a broad audience, perhaps a newspaper article makes sense.

All of us are exposed to written communications that we skim or ignore, yet if that same message is presented in a venue more palatable to us, we’re much more likely to spend time reading it. Writing for transformation requires utilizing the best venue for our subject matter and audience.

3. The Right Transformation

There are three types of transformations: know, feel, and do. A know transformation seeks to give the readers new information, or old information arranged in a different way, to help them to learn and know things they didn’t know before, in such a way that changes their life and perspective. A feel transformation obviously seeks to evoke strong emotion in the audience, while a do is designed to get an audience to take very specific, immediate, and tangible action.

Amateurs look at this list and try to do all three; professionals focus on one and nail it, because doing so affects the others. How do you want people’s lives to change because they read your message? What do you want to see occur in them? Do you primarily want them to know, feel, or do something? Pick one–yes, just one–and execute it well, and the others will take care of themselves.

If you want your message to actually have impact, you must learn to write for transformation. Know who you’re writing to, use the right venue to reach them, and choose the right transformation and execute it well. After all, transformational writing is the only writing worth reading.

Have a professional writer custom craft your message for transformation by visiting http://www.youwritingcure.com now.



ABOUT THE AUTHOR OF THIS BLOG: A freelance writer who meticulously structured and maintained blogs just for you:A LIFE SO FAR AWAYand my other blog:OFW: THIS IS MY LIFE AND STORY Thank you for your valuable time. Follow my business & writings and you'll find what life's meant to be.

10 Surefire Steps to Take the Fear Out of Public Speaking

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Do you “feel the fear” when asked to do some Public
Speaking?

Public Speaking is still one of our greatest fears and it
turns grown men and women into nervous wrecks. The mere
thought of it turns our tongue to cotton wool, causes our
internal plumbing to act up and turns our knees to jelly.

Well, there’s no need for all of this because help is at
hand. All you need to remember are your P’s and Q’s. Let’s
start with the P’s

Preparation -

When you sit down to write what you’re going to say, bear in
mind who you’ll be speaking to. Will they understand what
you’re talking about; will they understand the technical
stuff and the jargon? If in doubt remember the old saying -
“Keep It Simple Stupid”.

Make sure that what you say has a beginning, middle and an
end. Think of some anecdotes that help reinforce your story.
People think visually so paint verbal pictures for your
audience. And always remember, people want to know what’s in
it for them – so make sure you tell them!

Place -

Have a look at the venue before the event if you can. It’s
not always possible, however, even if you get there half an
hour before, you can check out where you’ll be speaking.

Stand at the point where you will deliver from, imagine
where the audience will be and check that they can see and
hear you. You may even wish to place a glass of water where
you’ll be able to find it.

Personal Preparation -

Before any Public Speaking event, think about what you are
going to wear; when in doubt dress up rather than down. You
can always take things off for a more casual look. Men could
remove their jacket and their tie. Women could remove items
of jewellery.

Part of your personal preparation should include some mouth
and breathing exercises. Practise saying some tongue
twisters to give your speaking muscles a good work out. Take
a deep breath and expand your diaphragm. Then breathe out,
counting at the same time; try and get up to fifty and not
pass out.

As part of your personal preparation, write your own
introduction. Write out exactly what you want someone to say
about you, large font, double-spaced and ask the person
introducing you to read it. Believe me they won’t object and
will probably be pleased and impressed.

Poise and Posture -

Whenever you’re called to speak, stand up or walk to the
front quickly and purposefully. Pull yourself up to your
full height, stand tall and look like you own the place.
Before you start to speak, pause, look round your audience
and smile. You may even have to wait until the applause dies
down. Remember, you want the audience to like you, so look
likeable.

Pretend -

I’m suggesting you pretend you’re not nervous because no
doubt you will be. Nervousness is vital for speaking in
public, it boosts your adrenaline, which makes your mind
sharper and gives you energy.

The trick is to keep your nerves to yourself. On no account
tell your audience your nervous; you’ll only scare the
living daylights out of them if they think you’re going to
faint.

Some tricks for dealing with nerves are:

Before you’re called to speak, get lots of oxygen into your
system, run on the spot and wave your arms about like a
lunatic. It burns off the stress chemicals.

Speak to members of your audience as they come in or at some
time before you stand up. That tricks your brain into
thinking you’re talking to some friends.

Have a glass of water handy for that dry mouth. One word of
warning – do not drink alcohol. It might give you Dutch
courage but your audience will end up thinking you’re
speaking Dutch.

The Presentation -

Right from the start your delivery needs to grab their
attention.

Don’t start by saying – “Good morning, my name is Fred Smith
and I’m from Smith Associates.”
Even if your name is Smith, it’s a real boring way to start
a presentation. Far better to start with some interesting
facts or an anecdote that’s relevant to your presentation.

Look at the audience as individuals; it grabs their
attention if they think you’re talking to them personally.

Talk louder than you would normally do, it keeps the people
in the front row awake and makes sure those at the back get
the message. Funnily enough, it’s also good for your nerves.

PowerPoint -

And for those of you who haven’t heard of it, it’s a
software programme that’s used to design stunning graphics
and text for projection onto a screen.

As a professional speaker, I’m not that struck on
PowerPoint. I feel that too many speakers rely on it and it
takes over the presentation. After all, you’re the
important factor here. If an audience is going to accept
what you say then they need to see the whites of your eyes.
There needs to be a big focus on you, not on the technology.

Use PowerPoint if you want but keep it to a minimum and make
sure you’re not just the person pushing the buttons. Why
not get a bit clever at using the faithful old Flip Chart,
lots of professionals do.

Passion -

This is what stops the audience in their tracks. This is
what makes them want to employ you or to accept what you’re
proposing. Couple this with some energy, enthusiasm and
emotion and you have the makings of a great public speaker.

Give your presentation a bit of oomph and don’t start
telling me – “I’m not that kind of person.” There’s no need
to go over the top but you’re doing a presentation to move
people to action, not having a cosy little chat in your
front room.

That’s the P’s finished, so let’s look at the Q’s.

Questions -

Decide when you’re going to take them and tell people at the
start.
In a short speech it’s best to take questions at the end. If
you take them as you go then you may get waylaid and your
timing will get knocked out.

Never – never – never finish with questions; far better to
ask for questions five or ten minutes before the end. Deal
with the questions and then summarise for a strong finish.
Too many presentations finish on questions and the whole
thing goes a bit flat.

When you’re asked a question, repeat it to the whole
audience and thank the questioner. It keeps everyone
involved, it gives you time to think and it makes you look
so clever and in control.

Quit -

Quit when you’re ahead. Stick to the agreed time; if you’re
asked to speak for twenty minutes, speak for nineteen and
the audience will love you for it. Remember, quality is not
quantity.

One of the most famous speeches ever – “The Gettysburg
Address”, by President Lincoln, was just over two minutes
long.

Right, that’s my cue to quit when I’m ahead.
Now that you’re armed with this information you too can
minimise your fear of Public Speaking.


ABOUT THE AUTHOR OF THIS BLOG: A freelance writer who meticulously structured and maintained blogs just for you:A LIFE SO FAR AWAYand my other blog:OFW: THIS IS MY LIFE AND STORY Thank you for your valuable time. Follow my business & writings and you'll find what life's meant to be.

Language Learning Strategies: Better Strategies For More Effective Learning

Author Resource:- Are you ready to know the language learning strategies fast? Visit Master Languages Fast today for more information!







Language learning strategies do not imply overall plans, but rather methods using which you can comprehend and remember the language while you are learning it. Language learning strategies would include such things as bringing flash cards into play, watching movies in that language, and making use of example phrases for relating to the grammar rules. In order to the most compatible collection of such strategies for yourself, you would need to look at the entire process of leaning a language from different angles.

1. First, start with evaluating the strategies that you have been currently using. Look back to analyze things that have worked and haven’t worked for you using these strategies. For instance, check whether flash cards actually helped you grasp new words more effectively than writing those words.

2. Identify other potential strategies. Go online or get hold of some nice language learning books that will help you to note down many tricks, tips, techniques, and strategies for learning that language. Minus those that you are already sure won’t work well for you. No strategy along can help you best in learning the language, so jot down whatever you feel might do good to you.

3. Find out if you are more of an auditory (speaking and hearing), kinesthetic (physical movement), or visual (writing and seeing) learner. In case you are not sure, select some words and apply certain learning strategies on them related to hearing, moving, and seeing, till you become aware of what works best for you.

4. It is also advisable to pick strategies to enhance memorization. Select strategies that will best suit your learning capabilities and preferences and that will help you memorize grammar and vocabulary rules. For instance, in order to memorize new words, you can repeat those words aloud, act them aloud, or create their mental images.

5. Choose some fluency language learning strategies that will help you learn express yourself fluently and accurately. Such strategies would include conversation practice, processing thoughts in that language, and doing some free writing.

6. Analyze your belief system. In case you have certain feelings that continue to hold you back while you learn the language, then it is important to look for strategies that will address them. For instance, if you are not speaking because you are afraid of making mistakes, then try practicing in that language with foreign speakers in the beginning to boost your confidence.

7. Identify some fine social strategies. Making use of that language in your real life is an effective strategy for increasing your knowledge, but there might arise the need to make efforts to find different ways for using it. You could get in touch and communicate with native speakers, travel to some other country, or volunteer to do work that would require using that language.

Remember, if a popular language learning strategy hasn’t worked well for you, then this does not mean that you do not have any aptitude for that language. If you have given a particular strategy your utmost attention and honest try but it still does not seem to be working in your case, then just scrap it and go ahead to try another.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR OF THIS BLOG: A freelance writer who meticulously structured and maintained blogs just for you:A LIFE SO FAR AWAYand my other blog:OFW: THIS IS MY LIFE AND STORY Thank you for your valuable time. Follow my business & writings and you'll find what life's meant to be.